The 24 Most Important Diamonds in History

 

Size, History, Master Cutters and Present Locations

Diamonds have fascinated humanity for centuries. Some became symbols of royal power, others transformed the science of diamond cutting, and a few achieved legendary status because of their extraordinary size and rarity.

The following list combines size, historical importance, rarity and influence on the diamond industry.

1. Cullinan Diamond

Rough Weight: 3,106.75 carats
Found: South Africa, 1905
Polished By: Joseph Asscher
Current Location: British Crown Jewels

The Cullinan remains the largest gem quality rough diamond ever discovered. It was cut into nine principal diamonds and 96 smaller stones. The largest, Cullinan I, weighs 530.2 carats and remains one of the world’s most famous diamonds.

Estimated Value Today: US$2 billion+ (insurance estimates vary greatly).

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2. Golden Jubilee Diamond

Polished Weight: 545.67 carats
Found: South Africa
Polished By: Gabriel Tolkowsky
Current Location: Thailand Royal Treasury

The largest faceted gem quality diamond in the world.

Estimated Value: US$100 million to US$250 million.

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3. The Incomparable

Polished Weight: 407.48 carats
Found: Democratic Republic of Congo
Current Location: Private ownership

A fancy brownish yellow diamond renowned for its size and unusual triangular shape.

Estimated Value: US$20 million to US$50 million.

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4. Cullinan I (Great Star of Africa)

Weight: 530.2 carats
Current Location: Sovereign’s Sceptre, British Crown Jewels.

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5. Cullinan II (Second Star of Africa)

Weight: 317.4 carats
Current Location: Imperial State Crown.

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6. Centenary Diamond

Weight: 273.85 carats
Found: Premier Mine, South Africa
Polished By: Master cutters employed by De Beers

One of the most perfect large diamonds ever cut.

Estimated Value: US$100 million+.

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7. Koh-i-Noor

Weight: 105.6 carats
Current Location: British Crown Collection

Perhaps the most famous diamond in history, originating in India and passing through Mughal, Persian, Afghan and British hands.

Estimated Value: Effectively priceless.

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8. Hope Diamond

Weight: 45.52 carats
Current Location: Smithsonian Institution

The world’s most famous blue diamond.

Estimated Value: US$250 million to US$350 million.

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9. Lesedi La Rona

Rough Weight: 1,109 carats
Found: Botswana

One of the largest gem quality rough diamonds ever discovered. Purchased by Laurence Graff for US$53 million.

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10. Sewelô

Rough Weight: 1,758 carats
Found: Botswana

Second largest rough diamond ever recovered. Acquired by Louis Vuitton and HB Antwerp.

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11. Excelsior

Rough Weight: 995.2 carats
Found: South Africa

Largest diamond before the discovery of the Cullinan. Cut by the Asscher family.

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12. Lesotho Promise

Rough Weight: 603 carats
Current Location: Cut into 26 diamonds by Graff.

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13. Regent Diamond

Weight: 140.64 carats
Current Location: Louvre Museum

One of the finest historic diamonds in existence.

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14. Orlov Diamond

Weight: 189.6 carats
Current Location: Russian Diamond Fund

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15. Daria-i-Noor

Weight: Approximately 182 carats
Current Location: Iranian Crown Jewels.

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16. Tiffany Yellow Diamond

Weight: 128.54 carats
Current Location: Tiffany & Co.

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17. Taylor-Burton Diamond

Weight: 69.42 carats

Purchased by Richard Burton for Elizabeth Taylor.

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18. Dresden Green

Weight: 41 carats
Current Location: Dresden Treasury, Germany

One of the world’s largest natural green diamonds.

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19. Pink Star

Weight: 59.60 carats

World auction record holder among diamonds.

Sale Price: US$71.2 million.

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20. Wittelsbach-Graff

Weight: 31.06 carats

Rare deep blue historic diamond.

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21. Moussaieff Red

Weight: 5.11 carats

Largest known red diamond.

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22. Oppenheimer Blue

Weight: 14.62 carats

One of the most valuable blue diamonds ever sold.

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23. The Enigma

The Enigma diamond

Weight: 555.55 carats

Largest faceted black diamond ever sold publicly.

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24. Black Falcon

Weight: 612.34 carats
Polished By: Peter Herbosch

The largest cut black diamond known today.

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The Most Valuable Diamonds Today

Diamond	Estimated Value
Cullinan Collection	US$2 billion+
Hope Diamond	US$250m to US$350m
Golden Jubilee	US$100m to US$250m
Centenary	US$100m+
Pink Star	Sold for US$71.2m
Lesedi La Rona Rough	US$53m sale
Oppenheimer Blue	US$57.5m sale
Koh-i-Noor	Priceless

DCLA Commentary

The greatest diamonds are not always the largest. The Cullinan remains the most important diamond ever recovered because it transformed royal jewellery and demonstrated the highest standards of large diamond cutting. The Koh-i-Noor shaped centuries of political history, while the Hope Diamond became the world’s most famous coloured diamond.

From the Asscher family’s revolutionary work on the Cullinan in 1908 to Gabriel Tolkowsky’s masterpiece cutting of the Golden Jubilee, these extraordinary stones represent the pinnacle of both nature’s achievement and human craftsmanship. Together they form a unique record of diamond history and remain benchmarks for gemological excellence today.

DCLA Disclaimer: Diamond valuations shown are broad market estimates based on historical sales, insurance valuations, rarity and current market conditions. Many historically significant diamonds are considered priceless because they are held in national collections, museums or royal treasuries and would be unlikely ever to be offered for public sale.

Steep Rise in De Beers Rough Production

 

De Beers says rough diamond production increased by 17% in the first three months of 2026, to 7.1 million carats.

The increase was largely driven by the release of stockpiled ore at Gahcho Kue, in Canada, (up 163%) and higher underground volumes at Venetia in South Africa (up 53%).

The loss-making miner said, however, that trading conditions remained “challenged” due to ongoing industry, geopolitical and tariff headwinds.

Rough sales at the two sights held during the quarter saw revenue rise, year-on-year by almost 25% to $648 million, although average per carat prices fell 19% to $101.

Production guidance for 2026 remains unchanged at 21-26 million carats, the company said in its Production Report for the First Quarter of 2026, published on 28 April.  

Actual rough production was 24.7 million carats in 2024 and 21.7 million carats in 2025.

Botswana, which accounts for more than two thirds of all De Beers’ diamonds, saw production rise by 5% year-on-year during Q1 2026.

There was a 12% drop in Namibia, due to scheduled maintenance on two vessels at Debmarine Namibia and the of decommissioning two vessels.

There was 53% production rise in South Africa, largely due to increased processing of underground ore from Venetia, and a 163% increase in Canada due to the planned release of ore from a new area of Gahcho Kue.

Source: DCLA

De Beers Slashes Number of Sightholders

 

De Beers has reportedly slashed the number of sightholders who can buy their goods by as much as a third, as it seeks to consolidate supply among a small core of stronger buyers.

The number of sightholders is understood to have been reduced from 69 to around 45, although De Beers has not confirmed numbers. Sightholders were informed by letter or phone call on Friday, 20 March.

It is the second biggest cut, in percentage terms, since sights were launched back in 1934. The number of De Beers sightholders peaked at around 350 in the 1970s.

It was halved in April 2001 as the company sought to prioritize value-driven buyers over sheer volume of sales.

De Beers warned current sightholders back in October 2024 that it would be terminating some of their supply agreements, by way of what it called an objective selection and allocation process.

Existing contracts, signed in 2021 and extended last year through June 30, 2026, end soon, paving the way for the new roster starting July 1.

The cutback suggests that the loss-making miner is repositioning itself for survival in a weaker market by creating a limited customer base that can reliably take volume in tough times.

Anglo American’s repeated De Beers write-downs (the latest by $2.3bn in February 2026) underscore the loss-making reality. De Beers CEO Al Cook emphasized “quality over quantity” in late 2024, aiming for deeper partnerships including polished diamond sales from Botswana-sourced stones.

De Beers last reduced the number of sightholders in January 2021, when it introduced new contracts dividing buyers into three categories – dealers, manufacturers and integrated retailers.

Source: DCLA

Anglo flags third De Beers writedown as Teck merger looms

 

Anglo American is weighing a third writedown of De Beers in as many years as weak diamond prices persist and the miner advances asset sales ahead of its merger with Canada’s Teck Resources.

The century-old group said on Thursday it was reviewing the carrying value of its diamond business after average realized prices fell in 2025, warning the unit is likely to be lossmaking again.

The potential impairment comes as Anglo moves to finalize the sale of non-core assets, including De Beers. At the same time, the miner is preparing to merge with Teck in a transaction approved by shareholders and regulators late last year, creating Anglo Teck (official named confirmed).

The company booked a $2.9 billion impairment on De Beers in February last year, following a $1.6 billion writedown in 2024. Anglo, which owns 85% of the diamond company, offered few details on a sale process, saying only that it was “progressing.”

In a fourth-quarter production update, Anglo said diamond trading conditions “continued to be challenging” amid industry weakness, geopolitical tensions and tariff uncertainty. It said lower prices and market conditions could lead to an impairment when full-year results are released.

Diamond prices have come under pressure from weaker consumer demand in China and competition from cheaper, lab-grown stones. De Beers’ average realized price fell 7% to $142 per carat in 2025, driven by a 12% drop in the average rough price index.

Anglo said the decline was exacerbated by selling inventory below cost, largely lower-value goods. Adjusted for that mix, the equivalent price index reduction would have been 25% year on year, suggesting some underlying resilience in the market.

De Beers sold 5.9 million carats in the fourth quarter, up from 4.6 million a year earlier, lifting revenue to $571m from $543m. Even so, Anglo said it was undertaking an impairment review that could result in another writedown.

Exit hurdles
The prolonged slump complicates Anglo’s efforts to exit De Beers. Chief executive Duncan Wanblad said only that the sale was moving forward. A consortium led by former De Beers managing director Gareth Penny is seen as a frontrunner, though Botswana, which owns 15% of the company, has said it wants to take control.

Namibia has also expressed interest, and former chief executives Bruce Cleaver and Penny have been mentioned as potential buyers.

The De Beers sale forms part of a restructuring unveiled in 2024. Anglo demerged its platinum arm, Amplats (now Valterra), in June 2025, while the planned sale of its Australian metallurgical coal mines stalled after Peabody Energy (NYSE: BTU) walked away following a fire at Moranbah North.

Wanblad said on Thursday that the formal sale process for steelmaking coal was “progressing well,” without naming alternative buyers or addressing potential compensation from the US firm.

Copper reality check
Copper remains central to the Anglo-Teck investment case, but near-term output expectations have softened. Anglo cut its 2026 copper guidance to 700,000 to 760,000 tonnes from 760,000 to 820,000 tonnes, citing lower grades at several operations.

It also trimmed 2027 guidance to 750,000 to 810,000 tonnes, including at Collahuasi in Chile, which Anglo and Teck plan to integrate with Teck’s neighbouring Quebrada Blanca mine. For the longer term, the group added new guidance for 2028 of 790,000 to 850,000 tonnes.

A 15-km (9.3-mile) conveyor would be built to feed Collahuasi’s high-quality ore into QB’s new processing plants. (Click on map to enlarge)
Copper production in 2025 was 695,000 tonnes, roughly flat year on year and at the lower end of guidance. Goldman Sachs said output missed its estimate by 5%, with Anglo’s Quellaveco mine in Peru falling short by 10% on lower-than-expected grades. Collahuasi’s underperformance was already known, while Los Bronces in Chile ended the year strongly.

Adjusting for Collahuasi, the underlying miss narrows to about 2%, which Goldman said better reflects what the market had already priced in.

A sharp rise in copper prices in recent months has renewed interest in the metal and helped spur merger talks between rivals, including the once again abandoned merger between Rio Tinto (ASX, LON: RIO) and Glencore (LON: GLEN).

With ageing mines delivering lower grades and new projects costly and slow to develop, copper dealmaking has become more attractive as supply constraints tighten across the sector.

Source: DCLA